3 and 4, respectively finally, the details of the data analysis and the results obtained are reported in Sect. In the first section the HOLMES experiment is outlined along with its physics goal, while in the second section the HOLMES detectors are described the experimental set-up and the calibration source used for the measurements described in this paper are reported in Sects. The HOLMES experiment aims to measure the end-point energy of the electron capture (EC) decay of $^\)Ho nuclei. The direct mass measurement is the only theory-unrelated experimental tool capable to probe such quantity.
The determination of the neutrino mass is an open issue in modern particle physics and astrophysics. Finally, we provide an outlook of what future experiments might be able to achieve. We focus on recent experimental developments that have emerged in the past decade, overview the spectral refinements that are essential in the treatment of the most sensitive experiments, and give a simple yet effective protocol for estimating the sensitivity. In this Article, we review the methods and techniques - both past and present - aimed at measuring neutrino masses kinematically. The neutrino mass scale is most directly accessed by studying the energy spectrum generated by beta decay or electron capture - a technique dating back to Enrico Fermi's formulation of radioactive decay. Neutrino oscillation measurements, however, do not shed light on the scale of neutrino masses, nor the mechanism by which those are generated. Experiments have also observed three di erent mass eigenstates that neutrinos may assume, denoted by 1, 2, and 3. While the minimal Standard Model predicts that neutrino masses are exactly zero, the discovery of neutrino oscillations proved the Standard Model wrong. Flavor and Mass Eigenstates There are currently three known avors of neutrino, the electron,, and, corresponding to the three gener-ations of leptons. Recent experiments have shown that they have a extremely small mass.
The turn of the 21st century witnessed a sudden shift in our fundamental understanding of particle physics. It has long been assumed that neutrinos have no mass (like photons).
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